The aorta is the largest artery in the body, carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body.

After leaving the left side of the heart, the aorta curves downward and passes through the chest before descending into the abdomen. The portion descending from the chest is called the thoracic aorta, while the part progressing downward from the abdomen is referred to as the abdominal aorta.

What is an Aortic Aneurysm?

An aortic aneurysm refers to the abnormal widening or ballooning of the arterial wall of the aorta. An aneurysm can occur in any blood vessel of the circulatory system. The bulge or balloon can be described as follows:
Fusiform: In this type of aneurysm, the entire segment of the aorta widens equally, resulting in a uniform shape.

Saccular aneurysm: This type of aneurysm forms as a small, pouch-like bulge in a weakened area of the aortic wall.

An aneurysm can develop anywhere along the aorta and is named based on the affected region:

• Abdominal aortic aneurysm refers to the aneurysms that occur in the portion of the aorta passing through the abdomen.
• Thoracic aortic aneurysm refers to the aneurysms that occur in the chest region of the aorta, including the aortic root, ascending aorta, aortic arch, or descending aorta.
• Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm refers to the aneurysms that develop in both the thoracic and abdominal portions of the aorta.

Apart from abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms, aneurysms can also occur in other blood vessels, such as:

• Popliteal: Aneurysm in the artery behind the knee.
• Renal: Aneurysm in the kidney, which is a rare condition.
• Visceral: Aneurysm in an internal organ and/or intestines.

What are the Symptoms of Aortic Aneurysm?

Symptoms of thoracic aortic aneurysm (affecting the upper portion of the aorta in the chest) may include:

• Pain in the jaw, neck, upper back, or chest.
• Coughing, hoarseness, or difficulty in breathing.

Symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm (affecting the lower portion of the aorta in the abdomen) may include:

• Palpable, pulsating mass during a physical examination conducted by a doctor.
• Persistent and prolonged pain in the abdomen, back, or groin that is not relieved by painkillers or changes in position.

Early diagnosis of an aneurysm is important for its management and reducing the risk of rupture. A ruptured aneurysm is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. If you experience these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.