Aortic dissection is a condition in which a tear occurs in the inner layer of the aorta, the largest artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to the entire body. The wall of this artery consists of three layers. In aortic dissection, there is a tear in the inner layer, causing blood to flow into the tear, leading to further extension of the tear. As a result, the inner and middle layers of the aorta separate from each other. This separation is called aortic dissection.
What are the causes of Aortic Dissection?
Risk factors for aortic dissection include:
- High blood pressure
- Presence of an aneurysm
- Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries)
- Certain genetic conditions such as bicuspid aortic valve
- Familial connective tissue disorders (like Marfan syndrome)
- Traumatic injuries from car accidents or falls from heights
- Family history of aortic dissection
What are the symptoms of Aortic Dissection?
When a dissection first occurs and the layers of the aorta separate, you typically feel severe, sharp, tearing pain in your chest and back. It may feel like your aorta is tearing. Other symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath
- Fainting or dizziness
- Rapid, weak pulse
- Signs of a stroke
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition. Approximately 40% of patients die immediately from a complete rupture and aortic bleeding. The risk of death can increase by one to three percent per hour until the patient is treated. If you experience severe chest pain or stroke symptoms, call emergency services (155) or seek immediate medical help.
