Aortic coarctation is a commonly occurring congenital heart defect. In aortic coarctation, the aorta is narrowed or constricted at a single location or along a segment, restricting the normal blood flow from the aorta.
What is Aortic Coarctation?
Aortic coarctation is a commonly occurring congenital heart defect. In aortic coarctation, the aorta is narrowed or constricted at a single location or along a segment, restricting the normal blood flow from the aorta.
Who is affected by Aortic Coarctation?
Aortic coarctation occurs in approximately 1 in every 10,000 births and accounts for 5% to 10% of all congenital heart defects. While it may not be commonly observed at birth, it is frequently diagnosed in adulthood.
What are the long-term effects of Aortic Coarctation?
Complications may arise due to long-standing high blood pressure caused by the constriction. Some of the most serious complications include stroke, early-onset coronary artery disease, brain aneurysm, or aortic rupture. If coarctation is severe and left untreated for a long period, kidney and liver failure can develop. However, many adults with undiagnosed coarctation exist until their high blood pressure is controlled.
More than half of individuals with aortic coarctation also have a Congenital Heart Valve Defect (bicuspid aortic valve). Over time, the valve condition typically worsens and requires surgical repair or replacement. Individuals with valve disease are also at risk for Aortic Aneurysm (a condition where the walls of the aorta become swollen and at risk of rupture).
What are the symptoms of Aortic Coarctation?
Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the constriction. Severe cases are often diagnosed at birth or within the first months of life. In mild cases, individuals may not show symptoms until adulthood.
Symptoms that may be observed in adults include:
- Exercise intolerance
- Headaches
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Nosebleeds
- Cold feet or leg pain after exercise
- Difficult-to-control high blood pressure (hypertension)
