Gum recession, also known as gum disease or periodontitis, is a common dental problem. Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue pulls back from the tooth, exposing the root surface. The likelihood of gum recession increases with age, but it can also occur at a young age due to environmental and genetic factors. If left untreated, gum recession can lead to loose teeth and tooth loss. Therefore, gum recession should be treated before it progresses too far.
What are the Symptoms of Gum Recession?
- The first sign of gum recession is usually tooth sensitivity. Other symptoms include:
- Bleeding of the gums while brushing or at other times
- Bleeding when consuming hard foods (such as apples or pears)
- Teeth appearing longer than normal
- Redness and swelling of the gums
- Bad breath and painful chewing
- Formation of gaps between teeth
What Causes Gum Recession?
- Using a toothbrush with very hard bristles
- Brushing teeth in the opposite direction of the gum line and with excessive force
- Dental misalignment
- Heavy plaque buildup and bacterial biofilm due to poor oral hygiene
- Systemic conditions like diabetes
- Smoking
- Improperly placed crowns and fillings
- Genetic predisposition
- Aging
- Teeth grinding or clenching
- Gum inflammation
- Weakened immune system due to poor nutrition
- Medications such as heart medications, antidepressants, and birth control pills
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy, adolescence, and menopause
What Complications Can Arise from Gum Recession?
The main complications of gum recession include tooth and jawbone loss. Additionally, the bacteria responsible for gum recession can enter the bloodstream through the gum tissue and affect other parts of the body. These bacteria have the potential to cause diseases such as respiratory and coronary artery diseases.
Treatment for Gum Recession
In mild cases of gum recession, the dentist will first clean the affected area, removing plaque and tartar from the tooth and root surfaces. They will also smooth the exposed root surface to make it more difficult for bacteria to adhere. Antibiotics may be prescribed if necessary. If gum recession is accompanied by bone loss, gum surgery may be required.
How to Prevent Gum Recession?
- Brush teeth at least twice a day
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush
- Use mouthwash to reduce plaque between teeth
- Maintain a healthy diet
- Reduce smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption
- Get teeth professionally cleaned every 6 months
- Use dental floss regularly
