Tooth decay occurs as a result of the acid formation by bacteria that reside in our mouth, particularly when consuming foods high in sugar. The acid produced by these bacteria leads to the demineralization of tooth enamel and the subsequent loss of tooth structure, initiating the decay process.
Symptoms of Tooth Decay
The symptoms of tooth decay vary depending on the type and extent of the decay. Small cavities may not cause any noticeable symptoms, while advanced decay can manifest as pain and sensitivity. Decay may initially appear as black or brown spots, but a proper diagnosis requires dental X-rays. Therefore, it is important to regularly visit the dentist for check-ups. The main symptoms of tooth decay include:
- Bad breath or an unpleasant taste in the mouth
- Sensitivity or throbbing pain
- Pain that worsens or starts when consuming cold, hot, or sugary foods and drinks
- Chalky white spots on the surface of the tooth
The causes of tooth decay can be attributed to a lack of regular oral hygiene practices, the content and quality of saliva, tooth structure, or certain medical conditions. Tooth decay is essentially the result of enamel erosion and the formation of a small cavity. If left untreated, this cavity can enlarge and cause symptoms such as severe pain, significantly impacting daily life.
Diagnosis of Tooth Decay
If brown or black discolorations are observed on the tooth, it is suspected that decay is present. The dentist will then examine the tooth and may also take an X-ray to detect decay that may not be visible from the outside. Decay is typically diagnosed during routine dental examinations or through the use of X-rays.
Treatment Options for Tooth Decay
Various methods and techniques are employed for the treatment of tooth decay. After listening to all your symptoms, such as sensitivity, pain, or discomfort, your dentist will perform an oral examination to determine the extent and severity of the decay. Based on the severity and size of the decay, your dentist will create a treatment plan.
Filling Treatment for Tooth Decay
Initially, your dentist will remove the decayed portion of the tooth and then fill the resulting cavity with composite or amalgam material to restore the tooth’s function. Simple and early-stage cavities are typically treated with this method.
Root Canal Treatment for Tooth Decay
In cases where the decay has reached the chamber containing the nerves inside the tooth, causing severe pain, root canal treatment is necessary to save the tooth. The procedure involves removing the infected nerve, cleaning and sterilizing the interior of the tooth, and filling the resulting space with a filling material.
Crown Treatment
Crowns are often used to treat severely damaged teeth due to decay. In such cases, the dentist may opt to place a custom-made porcelain crown over the tooth, extending its lifespan. It is important to eliminate all decay before initiating this treatment.
